Etidronic Acid, an Alternative to EDTA?

Chemical and mechanical preparation of root canals aims to effectively eliminate bacteria, which is essential for preventing periapical diseases. This is achieved using irrigating solutions and rotary or manual instruments, respectively. The objective of this review was to analyze the characteristics and applications of etidronic acid (HEBP) as an endodontic irrigant in comparison to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, and Web of Science, focusing on articles published between 2019 and 2024. A total of 44 articles were initially retrieved and subsequently screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 23 studies considered relevant for this review. HEBP is a chelating bisphosphonate that, when combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), enhances smear layer removal, reduces dentin erosion, and improves sealer adhesion. Although its chelating capacity is limited, the combination of HEBP with NaOCl and sonic activation may represent an effective alternative for endodontic irrigation. Further studies are warranted to optimize its clinical application.

KEY WORDS: etidronic acid, HEBP, NaOCl, irrigant, chelating agent, endodontics.