Periodontal Disease Distribution, Risk Factors, and Importance of Primary Healthcare in the Clinical Parameters Improvement

Norma Samanta Romero Castro; Natividad Castro Alarcón; Salvador Reyes Fernández; Eugenia Flores Alfaro; Victor Othón Serna Radilla & Isela Parra Rojas

Summary

The objective of this study is to show the distribution of periodontal disease, risk factors, and importance of primary healthcare, for the improvement of clinical parameters. Two phases study transversal and nonrandomized trial (before - after), with educational intervention and conservative treatment, were carried out at Dental School of the Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero México, in 161 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Oral healthcare education was carried out as well as conservative periodontal treatment, with six months follow up. Clinical measurements were performed with a Williams probe, O’Leary plaque index, calculus index and dental mobility Miller method. Periodontal disease was found on 82 % of all participants. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed an odds ratio of 14.3 (95 % CI: 2.5, 82.1), 13.4 (95 % CI: 1.7, 103.5), 29.2 (95 % CI: 3.2, 260.9) and 68 (95 % CI: 6.6, 711.0) plaque in gingivitis, mild, moderate and severe chronic periodontitis, respectively. The longitudinal panel data analysis showed a significant effect (p <0.001) in the mean decrease of the clinical parameters after intervention, probing depth 0.4 mm (95 % CI: -0.5, -0.3), pockets depth 1.1 mm (95 % CI: -1.3, -0.9), amount of pockets 4.5 (95 % CI: -5.2, -3.7), bleeding 5.2 (95 % CI: -5.9, -4.5) and dental mobility 0.6 degrees (95 % CI: -0.7, -0.5). Primary healthcare is still the best option to improve the periodontal health in population who do not have access to specialty services. Dentists can achieve significant clinical improvement at very low cost, if they are aware of primary health care.

KEY WORDS: periodontal diseases, health education, conservative periodontal treatment, primary oral health care.

How to cite this article

ROMERO, C. N. S.; CASTRO, A. N.; REYES, F. S.; FLORES, A. E.; SERNA, R. V. O. & PARRA, R. I. Periodontal disease distribution, risk factors, and importance of primary healthcare in the clinical parameters improvement. Int. J. Odontostomat., 14(2):183-190, 2020.